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Bihar

Of all India’s states, Bihar is the one most intimately linked to the Buddha’s life, resulting in a trail of pilgrimages which have come to be known as the Buddhist circuit. The very name Bihar is derived from the world ’vihara’, which means Buddhist monastery. The Buddhist trail begins at the capital city, Patna, where a noteworthy museum contains a collection of Hindu and Buddhist sculptures. The Khuda Baksh Oriental Library has rare Muslim manuscripts including some from the University of Cordoba in Spain. 40 km away, Vaishali was the site for the second Buddhist Council as the presence of ruins testify. 90 km south of Patna is Nalanda which translates as ’the place that confers the lotus’ (of spiritual knowledge). A monastic university flourished here from the 5th to the 11th century. It is said to have contained nine million books, with 2,000 teachers to impart knowledge to 10,000 students who came from all over the Buddhist world. Lord Buddha himself taught here and Hieun Tsang, the 7th century Chinese traveller, was a student. Ongoing excavations have uncovered temples, monasteries and lecture halls.

Rajgir, ‘the royal palace’, 12 km south, was the venue for the first Buddhist Council. The Buddha spent five years at Rajgir after having attained enlightenment, and many of the remains at Rajgir commemorate various incidents, the hill of Gridhrakuta being perhaps the most important, as this is where the Buddha delivered most of his sermons. Bodhgaya is the spot where Lord Buddha attained enlightenment, with the Mahabodhi Temple marking the precise location. Bihar’s Buddhist circuit has modest back-up facilities by way of accommodation, international dining and surface transport. (For those interested in the Buddhist circuit, it may be worthwhile to note that Sarnath, in Uttar Pradesh, close to Varanasi, is an important part of the circuit, and has been beautifully developed. Besides the excavated sites, a museum here houses several Buddhist icons, among them the Ashoka Lion, India’s national emblem).

Patna - The imperial city

Patna once called Pataliputra the capital of Bihar, is among the world's oldest capital cities with unbroken history of many centuries as imperial metropolis.

A very fertile arched stretch of land along the bank of the Ganga, the history and heritage of modern day Patna go back well over two millennia. Like Delhi, Patna too had been the regal seat of governance for successive kingdoms since ancient times. And to this day, it is the capital city of the state. As each ruler ascended in power and established dynastic glory, he gave his capital a new name. Thus the ancient Kusumpura metamorphosed through Pushpapura, Pataliputra, Azeemabad and now into Patna, a continuous history ranging from 6th century BC to present times – a record claimed by few cities in the world. It was Ajatshatru the Magadha king who first built a small fort in Pataligram on the bank of the Ganga in 6th century BC, which later blossomed into the ancient glory still to be seen in the neighbouring archaeological sites at Kumrahar. Bhiknapahari, Agamkuan, Bulandi Bagh and Kankar Bagh. Pataliputra dominated the political fortunes of the whole of north India between 6th century BC and 5th century AD, a fact established by archaeological excavations. After a temporary eclipse, in 16th century Sher Shah Suri returned the city to its former glory and established the present Patna. After the decline of the Mughals, the British too found Patna a convenient regional capital and built a modern extension to this ancient city and called it Bankipore. It was in Gandhi Maidan in this area that Mahatma Gandhi held his prayer meetings.

How to get there

	Air: I.A flights connect Patna with Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi, Lucknow, Ranchi.
	Rail: Patna is connected by rail to Bombay, Calcutta, Guwahati, Ranchi, Varanasi.
	Road: By road Patna to Nalanda-90 km, Rajgir-102 km, Pawapuri-90 km, Gaya-172 km Bodhgaya-179 km, Raxaul-210 km, Ranchi-335 km, Muzzafarpur-72 km, Sasaram- 152 km, Vaishali-56 km, Calcutta-653 km, Delhi-997 km.
	Bus Services: Regular direct bus services connect Patna to Calcutta, Rajgir, Nalanda, Pawapuri, Vaishali, Gaya-Bodhgaya, Ranchi, Raxaul, Muzzafarpur, Sasaram.
	Local Transport: Auto Rickshaw, Cycle Rickshaw, Tonga, Bus and Unmetered Taxi.

What to see

• Kumrahar
  Archaeological findings in this area establish Patna’s claim to over a thousand years of political glory -. 600 BC to 600 AD, and then again, 16th century onwards, spanning the rule of several dynasties. Very little of this grandeur remains though, except the remnants of a huge Mauryan hall supported by 80 sandstone pillars dating back to 400 – 300 BC.

• Golghar
  Alarmed by the famine of 1770, captain John Garstin built this huge granary for the British army in 1786. The massive structure is 29 m high and walls 3.6 m wide at the base. The stairway winding around this monument offers a magnificent panoramic view of the city and the Ganga flowing by.

• Har Mandir Takht
  It was in Patna, far from Punjab, where Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru of the Sikhs who consolidated the warrior sect, was born in 1660. The Har Mandir Takht, one of the four sacred shrines of the Sikhs, stands at this holy site, The original temple was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh and contains belongings of the Guru and Sikh holy texts. As a sign of reverence, it is also called Patna Sahib by the Sikhs.

• Martyrs’ memorial
  A memorial to seven freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives in "Quit India" movement of August 1942, it is a modern sculpture facing the Secretariat where they were shot in their attempt to hoist the national flag.

• Pathar ki Masjid
  Adjacent to’Har Mandir Sahib, this beautiful mosque was built by Parwez Shah, son of Jehangir, when he was the governor of Bihar. Situated on the bank of the Ganga, it is also called Saif Khan’s mosque, Chimmi Ghat mosque and Sangi Masjid.

• Sher Shah Suri Masjid
  Sher Shah Suri built this mosque in 1545 to commemorate his reign. Built in Afghan architectural style, it is one of the many beautiful mosques in Bihar and a landmark in Patna.

• Khuda Baksh Oriental Library
  A magnificent one man collection of rare Arabic and Persian manuscripts, Rajput and Mughal paintings, assortment of old books and new books from the university of Cordoba, Spain, it is one of the national libraries of India now.

• Patna museum
  The museum contains a First World War cannon, metal and stone sculpture of Maurya and Gupta periods, Buddhist sculpture, terra-cotta figures. The famous Didarganj Yakshi of 3rd century BC and a 16 m long fossilised tree are some of its special possessions.

• Jalan museum
  Built at the old site of Sher Shah’s fart, it has an excellent collection of jade, Chinese paintings, Mughal glass and silver filigree carvings. It is a private collection and visitors need prior permission.

• Sadaqat Ashram
  It is the headquarters of Bihar Vidyapeeth, a national university. India’s first President Dr.Rajendra Prasad lived here after his retirement and there is a small museum here displaying his personal belongings.

• Maner
  About 29 km from Patna, Bari Dargah, is the cenotaph of the Sufi Saint Hazrat Makhdoom Yahiya Maner. The tomb of his disciple Shah Daulat is also here. It is an important pilgrimage place for Muslims during the annual urs.

• Padri ki Haveli - an 18th century catholic church.

• Biological Park – a zoo cum botanical garden.

• Patna Yoga Vidyalaya. Patna School of Yoga – famed for excellence of Yoga teaching.

• Quila House (Museum)

• Laxmi Narayan Temple

• Pathar-Ki-Masjid

• Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park

• Rajendra Mueusm

• Gandhi Museum

Excursions

• Maner 29 kms

• Sasaram 148 kms

• Sonepur 25 kms

• Vaishali 56 kms

• Nalanda 90 kms

• Rajgir 102 kms

• Gaya 174 kms

• Bodhgaya 179 kms

Vaishali

Vaishali today is a small village surrounded by banana and mango groves and rice fields. But excavations in the area have brought to light an impressive historical past. The epic Ramayana tells the story of the heroic King Vishal who ruled here. Historians maintain that one of the world's first democratic republics with an elected assembly of representatives flourished here in the 6th century B.C. in the time of the Vajjis and the Lichhavis. And while Pataliputra, capital of the Mauryas and the Guptas, held political sway over the Gangetic plain, Vaishali was a rich centre for trade and industry.

Historically important, Vaishali, on the left bank of the Gandak river, is spiritually supreme: Lord Buddha visited this place frequently and at Kolhua, close by, preached his last sermon. To commemorate the event, Emperor Ashoka, in the third century B.C. erected one of his famous lion pillars here. A hundred years after the mahaparinirvana of the Buddha - Vaishali hosted the second great Buddhist council. Two stupas were erected to commemorate this event.

Jainism, too, has its origins in Vaishali, for in 527 B.C., Lord Mahavir was born on the outskirts of the city, and lived in Vaishali till he was 22. Vaishali is then twice blessed and remains an important pilgrim centre for both Buddhists and Jains, attracting also historians foraging for the past.

How to get there

	Air: The nearest airport is Patna 56 km connected by Indian Airlines to Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi, Ranchi and Lucknow.
	Rail: Hajipur (35 km) on the North Eastern Railway is the nearest railway station
	Road: Vaishali is connected by road to Patna (55 km), Muzaffarpur (36 km) and Hajipur (35 km).
	Bus Services: Regular bus services connect Vaishali to Patna via Lalgunj, Hajipur and Muzaffarpur.
	Local Transport: Only tongas and cycle rickshaws are available.

Places of interest

• Ashoka Pillar at Kolhua

• Buddha Stupa I

• Buddha Stupa II

• Raja Vishal Ka Ghar

• Coronation Tank

• Museum

• Bawan Pokhar Temple and Harikatora Temple

• Miranji Ka Durgah

• Kundupur (4 km)

Special Institutions

The Jain Prakrit Institute offers a place of study for researchers interested in Jainology an Prakrit, one of the spoken languages of Northern India in ancient times.

 Excursions

Visitors must return to Patna (55 km) to undertake any Excursions they may wish to organise.

Baidyanath Dham (Deoghar)

Baidyanath Dham situated in the Santhal Parganas of Bihar, is a very important piligram Centre. It's famous for the Hindus for the temple of Shiva-Baidyanath and the place is a popular holiday Centre.

How to get there

	Rail: The nearest Railway Station is Baidyanath Dham (Deoghar) which is a terminal station of a 7 kms branch line orignating from Jasidih Jn.
	Road: By road Baidyanath Dham (Deoghar) to Calcutta 373 kms, Giridih 112 kms, Patna 281 kms, Dumka 67 kms, Madhupur 57 kms, Shimultala 53 kms etc.
	Bus Services: Long distance buses connect Baidyanath Dham with Bhagalpur, Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Tatanagar, Gaya etc.
	Local Transport: Unmetered Taxis, Scooters, Cycle Ricksaws are available.

Places of interest

• Baidyanath Temple

• Nandan Pahar

• Naulakha Mandir

• Satsang Ashram

• Tapovan

Excursions

• Basakinath Temple (42 kms): Famous for Shiva Temple

• Harila Joria (8 kms): Famous for Shiva Temple

• Trikut (16 kms): Sources of the River Mayurakshi

Miscellaneous

• Shopping Centres: Bihar State Handloom Emporium

• Santhal Parganas Gramodyog Samittee

• Santhal Parganas Khadi Gramodyog Bhavan

• Yoga Institution: Balanand Ashram Yogashala, Karnibagh.

Gaya

Bihar has some of the most sacred Buddhist and Hindu shrines. Gaya is one of the most important pilgrimage places for the Hindus. It is believed that a Hindu will reach heaven if his last rites are offered under the celebrated ’Akshayabat’ or immortal banyan tree, standing in the yard of Vishnupad temple. Believed to be built on the footsteps of Vishnu, the grand temple was renovated by Ahalyabai, queen of Indore.

 Around Gaya

• Brahma - Yoni, Ramshila, Pretishila – beautiful hills.

• Deo – 20 km from Gaya, Surya temple here is the site of famous Chhath puja in November. Kurkihar - ancient habitation with ruins. Presumed to be the Kukkutapadagiri mentioned by Hiuen Tsang in 7th century.

• Barabar caves – 40 km from Gaya, earliest Buddhist rock cut caves. Sasaram – 123 km from Gaya, tombs of Sher Shah Suri, his father and son. There is a cave with Ashokan edicts and a Dargah on Chandan Pir Hill.

• Pawapuri
  In Pawapuri or Apapuri, 38 km from Rajgir and 90 km from Patna, all sins end for a devout Jain. Lord Mahavira breathed his last here and was cremated here. People took away not only the ashes but also the scooped out earth and thus a tank came into being. Now the famous Jalamandir marble temple stands at the site. There is another Jain temple here viz. Samosharan.

• Parasnath hill
  It is believed that 22’ tirthankars’ out of 24 attained salvation here and is one of the most sacred pilgrim centres for the Jains.

• Call of the hills
  The Chotanagpur plateau is one of the most beautiful areas in Bihar. Studded with hills 300 – 900m in altitude and covered with verdant virgin forests, this area of rivers, lakes, meadows and valleys is an ideal retreat of peace and beauty. Rich in wildlife, these forests are an anthropologist’s delight, since the ancient lifestyle of the tribes like Santhal, Ho, Munda, Oraon, Koi, Chero, Kharia, Paharia has remained essentially unaltered.

• Ranchi
  This erstwhile summer capital of Bihar is 676 m in altitude and is a beautiful hill station. There. are beautiful water falls around, with lilting names like Hundru, Jonha, Dasamghagh and Himi. Other landmarks are a Shiva temple on a hill top with Ranchi lake at the foot of the hill, and Morabadi hill and Tagore hill.

• Hazaribagh
  A small hill resort 93 km from Ranchi and 616 m above sea level, though having usual lakes and hills, is more famous for its wildlife sanctuary. Wildlife like bear, nilgai, sambar, chital, tiger, panther, kakar, etc. can be viewed from 10 watch towers. February – March and October – November are the best seasons for visiting here. Tilaiya dam 63 km away is a picnic spot.

• Netarhat
  Called the ’Queen of Chotanagpur’ this exquisite little hill station has fantastic sunrise and sunset. Situated 1127 m above sea level, it has beautiful waterfalls around, like Upper Ghagri and Lower Ghagri.

• Palamau
  A popular tourist resort 140 km from Ranchi. Betla National Park is nearby where gaur, chital, elephant, sloth bear, wild bear, sambar, nilgai, kakar, chinkara, mouse deer, dhole, tiger and panther can be seen. This is one of the Tiger Project Reserves. There are tree top towers, watch towers and ground level hideouts for professional photographers. February – March and October - November are the best seasons and excellent accommodation is available here.

• Jamshedpur
  It is one of India’s earliest planned cities and to this day beautifully maintained and managed, in spite of being an industrial township. Industrial giants like TISCO, TELCO are situated here. Surrounded by the Dolma hills, it has retained its hill station atmosphere.

• Damodar Valley
  Site of one of the earliest power projects, river Damodar is harnessed here in a massive network. Maithon. Panchet and Tilaiya are the major dams.

• Dhanbad
  This centre of coal mining and industries lies 171 km from Jamshedpur and is famous for the picturesque Topehanchi lake nearby. Bokaro Steel Complex is 47 km away.

• Bhagalpur
  Famous for its silk and a university town today, it has a long heritage of learning. The ruins of the ancient Vikramshila university is 42 km away. Rock cut temple at Colganj and Vishnu temple on a hill top are tourist attractions.

• Monghyr
  The little town has nothing to show today for its long history except a Mughal fort and a temple, but it was once the capital of the ancient Anga kingdom. The British conquered Bihar in the battle of Buxar at Buxar nearby. There is a sound and light show at Buxar recounting the story of Ramayana and history of India.

How to get there

Gaya is an important railway junction. There are bus services from all important towns of Bihar.

Where to stay

Many dharamshalas, modest hotels and rest house are available.

Bodhgaya

Bodhgaya is one of the sacred places for the Buddhists as well as for the Hindus. Here under the Bodhi Tree, Gautama attained supreme knowledge to become Budhha, the `Enlighted One'.

"The Buddha once lived here"

Lord Buddha the gentle colossus who founded the first universal religion of the world, worked and lived much of his life in Bihar though he was born in Kapilavastu, now in Nepal. Most of the major events of his life, like enlightenment and last sermon happened in Bihar. Significantly. the state’s name originated from ’Vihara’ meaning Buddhist and Jain monasteries, which abounded in Bihar.

Though the Buddha was born as a Sakya prince in the Terai foothills of the Himalayas, Buddhism as a religion was really born in Bihar and evolved here through his preaching and the example of his lifestyle of great simplicity, renunciation and empathy for everything living. Perhaps the present day life of trauma and tension reminds us of the other alternative that was always available to us, the Buddha’s way of life, gentle and simple.

Several centuries after Buddha’s passing away, the Maurya emperor Ashoka (234-198 BC) contributed tremendously towards the revival, consolidation and spread of the original religion. It is the monasteries Ashoka built for the Buddhist monks and the pillars erected to commemorate innumerable historical sites associated with the Buddha’s life, mostly intact to this day, that helped scholars and pilgrims alike to trace the life events and preachings of a truly extraordinary man.

The Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodhgaya, under the Bodhi tree, 10 km from Gaya. the ancient Hindu pilgrimage centre. The tree from the original sapling still stands in the temple premises. It is the most important Buddhist pilgrimage centre as Buddhisrn was born here.

The magnificent Mahabodhi temple in Bodhgaya is an architectural amalgamation of many centuries cultures and many heritages that came to pay their homage here. The temple definitely has architecture of the Gupta and later ages, inscriptions describing visits of pilgrims from Sri Lanka, Myanmar and China between 7th and 10th century AD. It is perhaps still the same temple Hiuen Tsang visited in 7th century.

How to get there

	Air: Nearest airport is Gaya 12 kms. However convienent airport is Patna. Indian Airlines connect Patna to Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi, Ranchi & Lucknow.
	Rail: The nearest railhead is at Gaya, 12 kms.
	Road: Bodh Gaya is connected by road to Gaya 12 kms, Nalanda 62 kms, Rajgir 46 kms, Patna 152 kms, Varanasi 215 kms, Calcutta 482 kms.
	Bus Services: Daily bus services connect Bodhgaya with Gaya, Patna, Nalanda, Rajgir, Varanasi etc.
	Local Transport: Cycle Rickshaws, Tongas, Auto Rickshaws are available.

Places of interest

• Mahabodhi Temple

• Animeshlocan Chaiyata

• Mohanta's Monastery

• Ratnagar

• Archaeological Museum

• Tibetan Monastery

• Thai Temple & Monastery

• International Buddhist House & Japanese Temple

• Buddhist Monastery of Bhutan

• The Burmese Temple

• The Chinese Temple & Monastery

Excursions

• Dungeshwari 12 km

• Muchalinda Lake 3 km

• Gaya 12 km

• Majadha University 3.2 km

Nalanda

Founded in the 5th centuary A.D. Nalanda is known as the ancient seat of learning. World's most ancient University lies in ruins which is 62 kms from Bodhgaya and 90 kms south of Patna. Emperor Ahoka built many monastries, temples and Viharas here.

Though the Buddha visited Nalanda several times during his lifetime, this famous centre of Buddhist learning shot to fame much later, during 5th-12th centuries. Hiuen Tsang stayed here in 7th century and has left detailed description of the excellence of education and purity of monastic life practiced here. In this first residential international university of the world, 2,000 teachers and 10,000 students from all over the Buddhist world lived and studied here. The Gupta kings patronised these monasteries, built in old Kushan architectural style, in a row of cells around a courtyard. Ashoka and Harshavardhana were some of its most celebrated patrons who built temples and monasteries here. Recent excavations have unearthed elaborate structures here. Hiuen Tsang had left ecstatic accounts of both the ambiance and architecture of this unique university of ancient times. An international Centre for Buddhist Studies was established here in 1951. Nearby is Bihar Sharif, where an annual urs is celebrated at the Dargah or tomb of Malik Ibrahim Baya. Baragaon, 2 km away has a sun temple, famous for Chhath puja. To be visited are Nalanda museum & Nava Nalanda Mahavihar in addition to the great ruins.

How to get there

	Air: The nearest airport is at Patna 89 kms. Indian Airlines connect Patna to Calcutta, Ranchi, Bombay, Delhi and Lucknow.
	Rail: Though Rajgir (12 kms) is the nearest railway station to Nalanda yet the nearest convenient railheadis at Gaya 65 kms.
	Road: Nalanda is connected by good road with Rajgir 12 kms, Bodh Gaya 50 kms, Gaya 65 kms, Patna 90 kms, Pawapuri 26 kms, Bihar Sharif 13 kms etc.
	Local Transport: There are no taxis available in Nalanda. Cycle rickshws and tongas are the only modes of transport.

What to see

• Hieun Tsang Memorial Hall, The Nalanda University Complex, Swarajpur Baragon. The Nalanda Museum (Opens 1000 to 1700 hours. Closed on Friday.)

• Lauria Areraj
  A 11.5 m high Ashokan column was erected here in 249 BC. The polished sandstone pillar has six edicts on it. The site is 30 km from Motihari.

• Lauria Nandangarh
  This site, 23 km from Bettiah and 14 km from Shikarpur, has the famous lion pillar erected by Ashoka. The 8.5 m polished sandstone column also has an edict engraved on it. Nearby there are the remains of Nandangarh Stupa, believed to contain the ashes of the Buddha.

Excursion

• Bihar Sharif 13 kms

• Gaya 65 kms

• Bodh Gaya 50 kms

• Rajgir 12 kms

Places of interest

• Mahabodhi Temple

• Animeshlocan Chaiyata

• Mohanta's Monastery

• Ratnagar

• Archaeological Museum

• Tibetan Monastery

• Thai Temple & Monastery

• International Buddhist House & Japanese Temple

• Buddhist Monastery of Bhutan

• The Burmese Temple

• The Chinese Temple & Monastery

Excursions

• Dungeshwari 12 km

• Muchalinda Lake 3 km

• Gaya 12 km

• Majadha University 3.2 km

Rajgir

46 kms from Bodhgaya, Rajgir is sacred to the memory of the founders of both Buddhism and Jainism. Rajgir today is vestiges of a legendary and historical remains like the cyclopean wall and the marks engraved in rocks.

Rajagriha in Patna district was the ancient capital city of the Magadha kings. The Buddha often came here to retreat at the Jivkamaravana monastery in a beautiful orchard. One of his most devoted and prosperous devotees, surgeon Jivaka also lived here. The rich merchant community here soon became the Buddha’s followers and built many structures of typical Buddhist architecture. The Buddha converted the Mauryan king Bimbisara, one of his most celebrated followers at the Griddhakuta hill, where he delivered many of his sermons as well. The Japanese have built a Stupa on top of the Ratnagiri hill, linked by a ropeway. After the Buddha reached ’parinirvana’ his followers met at the Saptaparni cave in Rajagriha, the first Buddhist Council ever held. It was here that the teachings of the Buddha were penned down for the first time. Rajgir is also an important place of pilgrimage for the Hindus and Jains. Other places to be visited are Bimbisara ka jail, Jarasandha ka akhara, Venuvana, Karand tank, Maniyar math, Swamabhandar cave, Pippala cave, Viswa Shanti Stupa, the famous hot water springs and ruins of an old fort.

How to get there

	Air: The nearest airport is at Patna 101 kms. Indian Airlines connect Patna to Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Ranchi and Lucknow.
	Rail: Though Rajgir itself is the railway station yet the nearest convenient railhead is at Gaya 34 kms.
	Road: Rajgir is connected by road to Patna 102 kms, Nalanda 12 kms, Gaya 34 kms, Pawapuri 38 kms, Bihar Sharif 25 kms etc.
	Bus: Regular buses are available from all the above said points to Rajgir.
	Local Transport: Taxis and Buses and Tongas are available.

Places of interest

• Ajatashatur's Fort

• Amaravana (Mango Garden)

• Venuban

• Bimbisara's Jail

• Swarna Bhandar

• Cyclopean Wall

• Griddhakuta (Vulture's Peak)

• Saptparni Cave

• Pippala Cave (Watch Tower)

• Jain temples

• Karnada Tank

• Maniyar Math

Excursions

• Bihar Sharif- 25 kms

• Nalanda- 12 kms

• Sawarajpur Baragaon

• Gaya- 34 kms

• Bodh Gaya- 50 kms

• Kundalpurr- 18 kms

• Pawapuri: 38 kms. Pawapuri is also known as Apapuri, is a sacred Jain pilgrim centre. Jalmandir, a marble temple in the centre of a big lotus tank, is the biggest attraction here. Other Places of interest here are Samosaran and Naya mandir. It was here thet Mahavir delivered his last sermon and was also cremated.

Ranchi

Ranchi is picturesquely situated in the valley of Chotanagpur at an altitude of 2140 feet (654.5 metres) above sea level. It is well known for its scenic attractions waterfalls, salubrious climate, glades, barren rocks and verdant hillocks. It has a number of industrial field. Ranchi is also a central place for the study of tribal ways of life.

How to get there

	Air: Ranchi is connected by regular Indian Airlines services with Calcutta, Patna, Bombay and New Delhi.
	Rail: Ranchi is on the South Eastern Railway and is directly connected with Calcutta, Patna, Rourkela etc.
	Road: Ranchi is situated on National Highway No.23 & 33 and there are nets of good roads around it. Ranchi is directly connected by regular bus services with all the main places in the state and also outside the state.

Places of interest

• Ranchi Hill

• Tagore Hill (Moradabad Hill) 4 kms

• Kanke Dam 4 kms

• Ranchi Lake

• Tribal Research Institute & Museum

• Heavy Engineering 11 km

• Hatia Dam 12 kms

• Jagannath Temple 10 kms

• Mental Hospital 9 kms

Excursions

• Hundru Falls (320 ft.) 45 kms

• Johna Falls (140 ft.) 40 kms

• Dassamghagh Falls (144 ft.) 34 kms

• Hirni Falls 75 kms

• Netarhat 156 kms

Hazaribagh

Nestling in low hilly terrain, at an average altitude of 1800 ft. (615 metres) this 183.89 sq. kms National Park has an abundance of wild animals, i.e. wild Boar, Sambar, Nilgai, Chital, Sloth Bear, tiger and Panthar. The 1970 census has established the presence of 14 tigers, 25 Panthers and 400 Sambars.

How to get there

	Air: The nearest airport Ranchi (91 kms) is connected with Calcutta, Patna, Lucknow and Delhi by regular Indian Airlines service.
	Rail: Nearest railway station is Koderma which is 59 kms away or alternately one can apporach the National Park from Hazaribagh Road railway station (67 kms) on the Howarh-Delhi Grand Chord line.
	Road: Hazaribagh town is connected by road to Ranchi 91 kms, Dhanbad 128 kms, Gaya 130 kms, Patna 235 kms, Daltonganj 198 kms, Calcutta (via Asansol-Govindapur-Barhi) 434 kms.
	Bus: The Hazaribagh National Park is 19 kms from the Hazaribag town. Regular bus services connect the town with Koderma, Hazaribagh Road rly station, Patna, Gaya, Ranchi, Dhanbad, Dalotongunj and other nearby places.
	Internal Transport: Unmetered Taxis, Auto Ricksaws, Cycle Ricksaws and Taxis are available for the park from the Hazaribagh town. The approximate charges for car is Rs.160 for bothway journey.

Excursions

• Canari Hill (5 kms): Cycle Rickshaws available from the Hazaribagh town.

• Rajrappa Falls (89 kms): State Transport Bus operates daily an early morning service to this place from the town.

• Suraj Kund (72 kms): Hot spring. Buses are available from the town.

Palamau National Park (Betla)

Palamau has the distinction of being the forest where the world's first tiger census was enumerated in 1932. Large herds of Gaur & Chital are commonly seen. Elephants are present mostly after the monsoons upto the time when the water holes begin to dry up in March. Tiger, Panther, Sloth Bear, Wild Bear, Sambar, Nilgai, Deer are also permanent residents. Palamau National Park is now a part of one of nine tiger reserves in India under "Project Tiger".

How to get there

	Air: Nearest airport Ranchi is 161 kms away from Betla. Daily Indian Airlines service connects Ranchi with Calcutta, Patna, Lucknow and Delhi.
	Rail: The nearest railhead is at Daltonganj 25 kms from Betla. And the second nearest railway station is Ranchi 161 kms from Betla.
	Road: Good motorable road connects Betla to Daltonganj 25 kms, Ranchi 171 kms, Patna 384 kms, Hazaribagh 190 kms, Netarhat 211 kms, Calcutta 575 kms.
	Bus: Regular direct bus services are available from Ranchi and Hazaribagh to Daltonganj via Khudia Morh from where Betla is 6 kms.

Facilities

There are 3 elephants of the Department of Tourism and one jeep of the ForestDepartment to take the tourists around the park with guide and spotlight. Five Watch Towers from where animals can be observed and photographs taken.

Dhanbad

Dhanbad is one of the most important industrial centres in India. In and around Dhanbad is the richest mineral wealth of India.

How to get there

	Air: Dhanbad is connected by Vayudoot Service with Patna and Ranchi which in turn connected by Indian Airlines services with Calcutta and Delhi.
	Rail: Dhanbad has an important railway station on Eastern Railway and is very well connected with Patna,Calcutta and other important Cities in India.
	Road: Dhanbad is very well connected by roads with important towns in Bihar.

What to see

• Central Mining Research Station

• Central Fuel Reaserch Institute

• Directorate General of Mines Safety

• Mining College

Excursions